Scotland: Facts & Stats

TRANSPORTATION

Roads:

Scotland has an extensive road network throughout the country. The motorway network is concentrated in the Central belt, with dual-carriageways (A roads) connecting the rest of the country.

The main routes in Scotland are:

• The M8 motorway between Renfrewshire, Glasgow and Edinburgh
• The M74 motorway between Glasgow and Carlisle, England
• The M9 motorway between Edinburgh and Stirling
• The M90 motorway/A90 road between Edinburgh, Fife, Perth, Dundee, Aberdeen and Fraserburgh
• The M80 motorway between Glasgow and Stirling
• The M77 motorway/A77 road between Glasgow and Kilmarnock, Ayr and Stranraer
• The A1 road between Edinburgh and London
• The A9 road between Stirling and Scrabster, connecting to the Northlink Ferries ferry to Stromness, Orkney

Within the large cities, roads become congested in peak hours. The M8 motorway becomes havily congested in peak hours, especially around Glasgow where it travels through the heart of the city. The main congestion hotposts are in Glasgow City Centre around the Kingston Bridge where a large amount of traffic leaves and enter the road. Also further down the road traffic joining at Hillington Estate and Braehead Shopping Centre near Glasgow Airport can cause hold-ups. Traffic is also extremely heavy between Glasgow and Edinburgh at all times, however rarely comes to a standstill.

Railroads:

Scotland has an extensive railway network using cross country links across the country, and connections to England; local commuter links to the major cities; and freight. Only 29% of the rail network in Scotland (by routes miles) is electrified, as opposed to 40% across Great Britain as a whole. This results in many trains being run on diesel fuel rather than by overhead electricity.

The railway network is owned by Network Rail, the non-profit organisation responsible for all of the railway infrastructure. Rail services are provided under franchises awarded by the government. The current holder of the Scottish franchise is First ScotRail, a division of Aberdeen-based FirstGroup plc. Intercity services are also operated by CrossCountry, First Transpennine Express, National Express East Coast and Virgin Trains.

On 1 January 2006, a new agency Transport Scotland was created that would oversee the regulation of railways in Scotland, and administer major rail projects. The Scottish Government, in its time, committed itself to the expansion of the railway network in Scotland, with planned links to the main Scottish airports, and reopening of disused lines in Clackmannanshire and the Scottish Borders.

The main cross border services in Scotland are:

• The West Coast Main Line — operated by Virgin Trains and First Transpennine Express
• Services from Edinburgh Waverley, Glasgow (Central) and Motherwell to Carlisle, Preston, Manchester Piccadilly, Wigan, Warrington, Crewe, Rugby and London (Euston)
• East Coast Main Line — operated by National Express East Coast
• Services from Glasgow (Central), Motherwell, Edinburgh Waverley, North Berwick and Dunbar to Berwick Upon Tweed , Newcastle, Durham, Doncaster, York, Peterborough and London (Kings Cross)
• Services from Inverness, Aberdeen, Dundee, Perth and Stirling to Berwick Upon Tweed, Newcastle, Durham, Doncaster, York, Peterborough and London (Kings Cross)
• Cross Country Route — operated by CrossCountry
• Services from Aberdeen, Dundee, Glasgow (Central), Motherwell, Edinburgh (Waverley) to Manchester, Birmingham, Sheffield, Bristol and the South West.
• Overnight sleeper services — operated by First ScotRail
• Services from Inverness, Aberdeen, Dundee, Fort William, Glasgow and Edinburgh to London

Aviation:

Scotland has four international airports with scheduled services, operating to Europe, North America and Asia, as well as England and Wales.

• Edinburgh Airport, which became Scotland's busiest airport in July 2007, serves many European business destinations including Paris, Frankfurt, Zürich, Milan, Brussels and Copenhagen. However its long haul network is starting to grow with the addition of a daily flight service to Newark (for New York City; twice daily in summer) and since May 2008 a daily link to New York's John F. Kennedy International Airport.
• Glasgow International Airport operates a large number of European charter flights and a handful of long haul international routes to United States, Canada and Dubai. Loganair has its hub here, with services to the Highland and Islands, and Northern Ireland.
• Aberdeen Airport operates many domestic and international flights for the people in the north of Scotland, including most UK airports, along with international scheduled destinations such as Paris, Amsterdam, Brussels, Oslo, Dublin, Copenhagen, Barcelona, Cyprus, Majorca and Málaga. Many chartered services are also offered.
• Glasgow Prestwick International Airport is Glasgow's s second airport, located 29 miles from the city centre in Ayrshire. It serves as the Scottish hub of low cost airline, Ryanair with services to the Republic of Ireland, Germany, France, Italy, Spain, Poland, Lithuania, Scandinavia and Latvia. Wizz Air provides services to Poland; and Air Arann provides a service to Donegal.

These four airports now serve 107 international destinations in Europe, Asia, Africa and North America.

Highlands and Islands Airports Limited operate ten small airports across the Highlands, Orkney, Shetland and the Western Isles, which are primarily used for short distance, public service operations, although Inverness Airport has a number of scheduled flights to destinations across the UK, as well as chartered flights to Europe.

Scotland technically has no national airline, the former British Caledonian which was based in Scotland was taken over by British Airways in the 1980s. Some Scottish-based airlines operating include:

• BMI Regional- a subsidiary of BMI which is based at Aberdeen Airport;
• Eastern Airways- based at Aberdeen Airport;
• Flyglobespan, a low cost airline operating international flights to mainly European holiday destinations from Glasgow, Edinburgh and Aberdeen;
• Loganair- a Flybe franchise (previously operated as a British Airways franchise ) operating between Glasgow International, Edinburgh, Aberdeen and Inverness to the Scottish Islands and Northern Ireland.
• Scot Airways- based at Dundee Airport and Edinburgh.

British Airways, BMI, Flybe, Jet2, Ryanair and EasyJet all operate flights between Scotland and other major UK and European airports.

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